Entering the 21st century, the world community began to realize the danger posed by the use of synthetic chemicals in agriculture. People getting wise in choosing food that is safe for health and environmentally friendly. Healthy lifestyle with the slogan "Back to Nature" has become a new trend to leave the old life patterns that use non-natural chemicals, such as fertilizers, chemical pesticides and synthetic growth hormones in agricultural production. Healthy food and high nutritional value can be produced with a new method known as organic farming.
Organic agriculture is a cultivation technique that relies on natural ingredients without the use of chemicals synthetic. The main purpose of organic agriculture is to provide agricultural products, especially food that is safe for the health of producers and consumers and does not damage the environment. Healthy lifestyle has been institutionalized in such international guarantees require that agricultural products should be safe to eat beratribut (food safety attributes), high nutrition (nutritional attributes) and environmentally friendly (eco-labeling attributes). Consumer preferences such as product demand causes the world of organic farming increased rapidly.
Indonesia has a wealth of resources unique tropical biodiversity, abundance of sunlight, water and soil, as well as respecting cultural society of natural, organic farming potential is very large. Organic agricultural products market of the world increased 20% per year, therefore the development of organic agricultural cultivation should prioritize the high economic value crops to meet the needs of domestic and export markets.
Opportunities of Organic Agriculture in Indonesia
The available area for organic farming in Indonesia is very large. From 75.5 million ha of land that can be used for agriculture, only about 25.7 million ha of which have been cultivated for rice fields and plantations (BPS, 2000). Organic farming requires that land use is not or has not polluted by chemicals and have good accessibility. Quality and expansion into consideration in the selection of land. Land that is not contaminated land that has not worked, but generally this is less fertile land. Generally fertile land has been cultivated intensively by using materials of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Using this kind of land conversion requires a long period, that is about 2 years.
Volume of organic agricultural products to reach 5-7% of total agricultural products traded in international markets. Most disuplay by developed countries like Australia, America and Europe. In Asia, organic agricultural products market more dominated by the eastern states as far away as Japan, Taiwan and Korea.
Market potential of organic agricultural products in the country is very small, confined to the middle upper. Various obstacles faced include: 1) there is no adequate price incentives for producers of organic agricultural products, 2) need expensive investments in the early development of having to choose land that actually sterile from agrochemical materials, 3) there is no certainty the market, so farmers are reluctant to produce these commodities.
Planting acreage of organic farming, Australia and Oceania has the largest area of about 7.7 million ha. Europe, Latin America and North America each approximately 4.2 million; 3.7 million and 1.3 million hectares. Planting acreage of organic agricultural commodities in Asia and Africa are still relatively low at around 0.09 million and 0.06 million hectares (Table 1). Vegetables, coffee and tea markets dominated international organic agricultural products in addition to farm products.
Table 1. Planting acreage of organic agriculture for each region in the world, 2002
No. Planting Area Area (million ha)
1. Australia and Oceania 7.70
2. Europe 4.20
3. 3.70 Latin America
4. United Utar 1.30
5. 0.09 Asia
6. Africa 0.06
Source: IFOAM, 2002; PC-TAS, 2002.
Indonesia has a large enough potential to compete in international markets, although gradually. This is because the various comparative advantages include: 1) there are many land resources that can be opened to develop organic farming systems, 2) technology to support organic agriculture is enough available such as making compost, planting without soil though, biological pesticides and others.
Further development of organic agriculture in Indonesia should aim to meet global market demand. Therefore exotic commodities such as vegetables and plantations such as coffee and tea that have export potential bright enough to be developed. Items such as coffee, Indonesia is the second largest exporter after Brazil, but in the international market of coffee Indonesia does not have trademarks.
The development of organic agriculture in Indonesia has not needed a new institutional structure, because the system is almost as well as intensive agriculture such as this. Institutional farmers as farmers groups, cooperatives, associations or corporations are still very relevant. But the most important agricultural institutions must be able to strengthen the bargaining position of farmers.
Modern Organic Agriculture
Last few years, the modern organic farming into farming systems in Indonesia and sporadic small-scale. Developing modern organic farming to produce safe food for the health and production systems are environmentally friendly. But the general concept of the modern organic farming has not widely known and much questionable. The emphasis is more to temporarily leave the use of synthetic pesticides. With the development of medical knowledge and technology, environment, microbiology, chemistry, molecular biology, biochemistry and others, organic farming continues to grow.
In the modern organic farming systems required quality standards and is enforced by importing countries with very strict. Often one organic agricultural products must be returned to the exporting country, including to Indonesia because they still contain residues of pesticides found or other chemicals.
The number of products that claim to be organic agricultural products that are not certified to make doubt on the part of consumers. Certification of organic agricultural products can be divided into two criteria, namely:
a) Local Certification for the domestic market share. These agricultural activities are still tolerate the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers in the minimum amount or Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA), but has very limited use of synthetic pesticides. OPT control using biopestisida, tolerant varieties, as well as biological agensia. Team to formulate a national certification was established by the Ministry of Agriculture to involve universities and other parties concerned.
b) International certification for export share and certain circles in the country, such certification issued by Skal or IFOAM. Some requirements include the conversion of land, where organic products, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides as well as processing the results must meet certain requirements for organic agricultural products.
Several prospective commodity that can be developed with organic farming systems in Indonesia, among other food crops, horticulture, plantation, spices and medicinal plants, and livestock, (Table 2). Facing the era of free trade in 2010 is expected to come Indonesia's organic farming can export its products to international markets.
Table 2. Developed appropriate commodity with organic farming systems
No. Commodity Categories
1. Food Crops Rice,
2. Horticulture Vegetables: broccoli, red cabbage, petsai, caisin, white cho, cabbage shoots, spinach leaves, pumpkin Siyam, Oyong, ** baligo and oyster mushrooms,
3. Fruit: jackfruit, durian, salak, mangoes, oranges, mangosteens, * watermelon, japanese melon *, and * papaya,
4. Coconut plantation, nutmeg, cashew nuts, cloves, pepper, vanilla, coffee, wheat and soybeans *,
5. Spices and medicinal ginger, turmeric, ginger,
6. ** Ranch cows, goats **, ** chicken, and ducks **
7. ** Fisheries
DESCRIPTION:
*** Adapted from www.litbang.deptan.go.id
** Additional commodity that has been tried
* Commodities are offered to the reader with partnership method
Organic agriculture is a cultivation technique that relies on natural ingredients without the use of chemicals synthetic. The main purpose of organic agriculture is to provide agricultural products, especially food that is safe for the health of producers and consumers and does not damage the environment. Healthy lifestyle has been institutionalized in such international guarantees require that agricultural products should be safe to eat beratribut (food safety attributes), high nutrition (nutritional attributes) and environmentally friendly (eco-labeling attributes). Consumer preferences such as product demand causes the world of organic farming increased rapidly.
Indonesia has a wealth of resources unique tropical biodiversity, abundance of sunlight, water and soil, as well as respecting cultural society of natural, organic farming potential is very large. Organic agricultural products market of the world increased 20% per year, therefore the development of organic agricultural cultivation should prioritize the high economic value crops to meet the needs of domestic and export markets.
Opportunities of Organic Agriculture in Indonesia
The available area for organic farming in Indonesia is very large. From 75.5 million ha of land that can be used for agriculture, only about 25.7 million ha of which have been cultivated for rice fields and plantations (BPS, 2000). Organic farming requires that land use is not or has not polluted by chemicals and have good accessibility. Quality and expansion into consideration in the selection of land. Land that is not contaminated land that has not worked, but generally this is less fertile land. Generally fertile land has been cultivated intensively by using materials of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Using this kind of land conversion requires a long period, that is about 2 years.
Volume of organic agricultural products to reach 5-7% of total agricultural products traded in international markets. Most disuplay by developed countries like Australia, America and Europe. In Asia, organic agricultural products market more dominated by the eastern states as far away as Japan, Taiwan and Korea.
Market potential of organic agricultural products in the country is very small, confined to the middle upper. Various obstacles faced include: 1) there is no adequate price incentives for producers of organic agricultural products, 2) need expensive investments in the early development of having to choose land that actually sterile from agrochemical materials, 3) there is no certainty the market, so farmers are reluctant to produce these commodities.
Planting acreage of organic farming, Australia and Oceania has the largest area of about 7.7 million ha. Europe, Latin America and North America each approximately 4.2 million; 3.7 million and 1.3 million hectares. Planting acreage of organic agricultural commodities in Asia and Africa are still relatively low at around 0.09 million and 0.06 million hectares (Table 1). Vegetables, coffee and tea markets dominated international organic agricultural products in addition to farm products.
Table 1. Planting acreage of organic agriculture for each region in the world, 2002
No. Planting Area Area (million ha)
1. Australia and Oceania 7.70
2. Europe 4.20
3. 3.70 Latin America
4. United Utar 1.30
5. 0.09 Asia
6. Africa 0.06
Source: IFOAM, 2002; PC-TAS, 2002.
Indonesia has a large enough potential to compete in international markets, although gradually. This is because the various comparative advantages include: 1) there are many land resources that can be opened to develop organic farming systems, 2) technology to support organic agriculture is enough available such as making compost, planting without soil though, biological pesticides and others.
Further development of organic agriculture in Indonesia should aim to meet global market demand. Therefore exotic commodities such as vegetables and plantations such as coffee and tea that have export potential bright enough to be developed. Items such as coffee, Indonesia is the second largest exporter after Brazil, but in the international market of coffee Indonesia does not have trademarks.
The development of organic agriculture in Indonesia has not needed a new institutional structure, because the system is almost as well as intensive agriculture such as this. Institutional farmers as farmers groups, cooperatives, associations or corporations are still very relevant. But the most important agricultural institutions must be able to strengthen the bargaining position of farmers.
Modern Organic Agriculture
Last few years, the modern organic farming into farming systems in Indonesia and sporadic small-scale. Developing modern organic farming to produce safe food for the health and production systems are environmentally friendly. But the general concept of the modern organic farming has not widely known and much questionable. The emphasis is more to temporarily leave the use of synthetic pesticides. With the development of medical knowledge and technology, environment, microbiology, chemistry, molecular biology, biochemistry and others, organic farming continues to grow.
In the modern organic farming systems required quality standards and is enforced by importing countries with very strict. Often one organic agricultural products must be returned to the exporting country, including to Indonesia because they still contain residues of pesticides found or other chemicals.
The number of products that claim to be organic agricultural products that are not certified to make doubt on the part of consumers. Certification of organic agricultural products can be divided into two criteria, namely:
a) Local Certification for the domestic market share. These agricultural activities are still tolerate the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers in the minimum amount or Low External Input Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA), but has very limited use of synthetic pesticides. OPT control using biopestisida, tolerant varieties, as well as biological agensia. Team to formulate a national certification was established by the Ministry of Agriculture to involve universities and other parties concerned.
b) International certification for export share and certain circles in the country, such certification issued by Skal or IFOAM. Some requirements include the conversion of land, where organic products, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides as well as processing the results must meet certain requirements for organic agricultural products.
Several prospective commodity that can be developed with organic farming systems in Indonesia, among other food crops, horticulture, plantation, spices and medicinal plants, and livestock, (Table 2). Facing the era of free trade in 2010 is expected to come Indonesia's organic farming can export its products to international markets.
Table 2. Developed appropriate commodity with organic farming systems
No. Commodity Categories
1. Food Crops Rice,
2. Horticulture Vegetables: broccoli, red cabbage, petsai, caisin, white cho, cabbage shoots, spinach leaves, pumpkin Siyam, Oyong, ** baligo and oyster mushrooms,
3. Fruit: jackfruit, durian, salak, mangoes, oranges, mangosteens, * watermelon, japanese melon *, and * papaya,
4. Coconut plantation, nutmeg, cashew nuts, cloves, pepper, vanilla, coffee, wheat and soybeans *,
5. Spices and medicinal ginger, turmeric, ginger,
6. ** Ranch cows, goats **, ** chicken, and ducks **
7. ** Fisheries
DESCRIPTION:
*** Adapted from www.litbang.deptan.go.id
** Additional commodity that has been tried
* Commodities are offered to the reader with partnership method